Networking: Cashirka 2 aad

Different types of Network topologies

Casharkaan waxa aan uga hadli doonaa waa maxay shaxannadaha(topologies) kala duwan oo la isticmaalo marka la sameenaayo shaxnadda network. Waxaa jira naqshado kale duwan ood ka dooran kartid sida aad u rabtid inaa usameesid network-gaada. Halkaan waxaa uga hadli doonaa ku wa caanka ah.
Inta aanan galin shaxannada waxaa jira physical topology(shaxnad sawirkeed qaabka ay usameesantahay aad ujeedid) iyo logical topology(shaxnad aadan ujeedid sida ay ushaqeeneeso). Physical topology waa network-ga naqshadda ama shaxankeeda sida uu kuugu muuqdo marka aa fiirisid. Logical topology waa sida network-ga ay iyada latfirkeda isku aragto macanaha aadan adiga arki Karin laakiin aad caqli ahaan u ogtahay. Halkaan waxaa idin kugu soo gudbinaa shaxannada igu caan san oo la isticmaalo.

Point to point topology:     Shaxanaddan badanaa waxaa loo isticmaa WAN (Wide Area Networks) links. Shaxannada point-to-point waa meel hal router uu uga xiran yahay router-kale bas. Macno ahaan router 1 wuxii fiilada dhinac kala heestaa router 2 sida sawirka idinkaga muuqata. Ogoow haddii xarikale aad ku darted si haddii fiiloj halaawdo tankale wali shaqada usiiqabato. Laakin haddii hal router halaabo xiriirka 2-ada router udhaxeeya waa eber.
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Bus topology: shaxnadda Bus topology waa dhammaan computerda ama qalabyada network-ga dhan waxa ay ku xiran yihiin ha fiilo oo kaliya. Bus topology waxaa lalasoo sameeyey xilligii lasoo saaray Ethernet networks oo lasoo sameeyey. Dhamaan qalabyada network-ga waxaa la isku la xir xiray hal fiilo adag taasoo loo yaqaano lafdhabarta ama(backbone). Meesha fiilada ay kudhamaato waxa ku xiran “terminator” oo lagu tala galay in auu signal-ka kaceliyo in habba gees ubadbato, terminator-ka waxa uu “absorb”-gareeya signal bilaashka ah uga nadiifiyo si computera-da ay data iskugu xawilaan. Haddi fiilada lafdhabarta u ah ay halaawdo network-ga oo dhan wuu la halaabaa. Haddii computer ku xiran backbone uu halaabo, kaliya computer-kaas kaliya ayaa qadka ka go’aa.

Star topology: Haddi aad kusii jirtid networking-ka shaxnadda ugu badan ee arki doontid ama la kulmi doontid waa star topology sida magacaba leeyahay xidigta shaxnadda—Magacaas ani ayaa yaa niyada iga soo dhacay balse aan ku ekaano hadda kaliya star topology. Star topology waa dhamaan qalabyada sida computer-ada waxaa lagu xiray hal qalab(switch ) oo dhexda loo dhigay. Haddii computer kamida uu halaabo ama fiilada uu kula xiran yahay switch-ka uu halaabo ciladaas waxa ay ku egtahay asaga oo kaliya computer-ada kale wali qadkooda wuu shaqeenaa. Laakiin haddii switch-ka dhexda yaalo oo isku xiraayo computer-ada uu halaabo waxa ay saameeneesaa computer-ada oo dhan oo qadka kawada halaabaayo.

Ring topology: shaxnaddaan waxaa isticmaali jiray networks loo yaqaano token ring iyo fiber distributen data interface FDDI kuwaaso hadda suuqa waa hore kabaxay.

Full Mesh topology: sidaa hore kusoo aragtay bus topology iyo star topology haddii fiilada ama switch ka halaabo ay saameeneesay qadka oo dhan- haddaba haddii aad rabtid haddi hal router ama switch uu halaabo laakiin ay san taas sababeenin in kuli qadka wada halaabo waxaa isticmaali kartaa Full Mesh topology. Shaxannadaan waxa ay qeebisaa xiriir router-kasta inuu xiriir toosa la yeesho router-kasta. Sida sawirka ka muuqatada device kasta waxa ay xiriir toosa la leedahay midda kale. Haddii R1 iyo R2 fiilada udhaxeeso halaawdo wali R1 iyo R2 waxa ay ku wada xariiri karaan R3 iyo R4. Shaxnaddan aad ayey qaali u tahay.

Partial mesh: maadaama shaxannadii hore full mesh ay aad qaali u tahay waxaa lasoo saaray shaxnadda ladhaho partial mesh taasoo ka raqiisan full mesh. Waxaa la yareeyey fiilooyinka u dhaxeeya router-da sida lacagta uyaraato. Partial meth router kasta waxa uu xariir la leeyahay kan asiga dariska la ah.

Shaxanadahaan waa kuwa ugu caansan oo qaarkooad imminka la isticmaalo. Casharkeena shaxnaddaha ama topologies intaas ha noogu ekaado